column_Wu Chi-na

The images the West has portrayed of China are projections of the West's own history.

In the article “On Domestic and International Politics of Traditional China”, we mentioned the traditional Chinese conception of “unification” – “mandate of heaven”. Of which, the “heaven” refers to the universal order and the state political order according to this universal order.

China’s traditional politics is an open system while western Europe’s traditional politics is composed of each of their own closed systems.

The forms of countries and international relations in the contemporary world are basically modeled on those in western Europe. But we can’t conclude that the formation of such form is the result of historical trend or the necessity of history. The formation of international relations in modern western European has a long history.